The core requirement of the EU Deforestation-Free Regulation (EUDR) for the natural rubber industry is not merely verifying "the presence of deforestation", but clearly demonstrating land parcel boundaries, timelines of historical land use changes, and risk stratification and separability of raw materials from different sources.

Industry surveys and remote sensing data indicate that the peak of deforestation linked to rubber cultivation has passed, and rubber itself is no longer a major driver of large-scale deforestation today. However, the EU is highly dependent on natural rubber imports, with a multi-tiered supply chain structure: "smallholders → collection points → primary processing → centralized factories". Raw material mixing in the midstream often leads to broken traceability, exposing enterprises to EU market access risks associated with "deforestation involvement".

Rubber expansion has progressed in phases and regional waves, with distinct compliance priorities for each stage that must be aligned with historical contexts:
1.Early Expansion (1950s–1980s): South-Central Vietnam & Southern Thailand
During the post-war reconstruction era, rubber cultivation was developed via state-owned farms in both regions. Land was primarily converted from secondary forests, open woodlands, or mixed agricultural lands—well before the EUDR's 2020 historical baseline.
The current compliance focus is re-verifying land parcel boundaries and archives to ensure the "verifiability" of historical parcels.
2.Second Expansion Phase (1990s–2010): Sumatra & Kalimantan, Indonesia
With adjustments to forestry concession cycles, land underwent gradual conversion: "forests → jungle rubber → smallholder plantations", making precise conversion timelines difficult to define.
The key compliance requirement is leveraging historical satellite imagery to prove conversions occurred prior to 2020.
3.Third Expansion Phase (2008–2016): Economic Land Concessions (ELCs) in Cambodia & Laos
Driven by ELC policies, rubber became a "land-acquisition crop", with large forest areas cleared for industrial rubber plantations. Conversion timelines are close to the EUDR's 2020 baseline.
Enterprises must provide evidence that deforestation and conversion were completed before 2020; otherwise, they face high compliance risks.

1.Risk Points Across Supply Chain Tiers
  ● Upstream (Cultivation/Gardens): Distinguish between "historical conversions" and "post-2020 conversions"; clarify land parcel boundaries.
  ● Midstream (Collection Points/Primary Processing/TSR Factories): Raw material mixing from multiple sources often causes broken traceability.
  ● Downstream (Tires/Products/Brands): Complete traceability and audit evidence collection to ensure compliance verification.
Enterprises should assess EUDR compliance readiness by establishing four systems: "land parcel coordinate system, source differentiation, definition & disclosure of historical conversions, and third-party supervision".
2.Limitations of Traditional Traceability in Smallholder-Dominated Supply Chains
Smallholders account for over 70% of natural rubber supply in Southeast Asia (Thailand & Indonesia). The traditional model of "one GPS coordinate per ton of raw material" would require:
  ● Hundreds of thousands of smallholders to be equipped with devices;
  ● Collection points to maintain batch records;
  ● Factories to avoid mixing.
In practice, this shifts compliance costs to smallholders, revealing a "mismatch between rule design and supply chain structure".

To address traditional traceability challenges, the global industry has adopted the "Landscape/Jurisdictional Approach". Its core logic:
Instead of tracing individual smallholders, compliance is satisfied if raw materials originate from "geographic units verified as deforestation-free". This shifts the burden of proof from scattered smallholders to jurisdictional governance mechanisms.
Feasibility supports for this approach:
1.The peak of rubber-related deforestation has passed (peak: 2010–2015; significant decline post-2020);
2.Satellite remote sensing enables clear monitoring of land cover changes post-2020, facilitating accurate identification of "low-deforestation-risk jurisdictions";
3.Enterprises only need to prove their collection points are located in low-risk jurisdictions—no need to collect coordinates from individual smallholders.
This model is not an "exemption" but a fairer, more sustainable implementation method. It reduces costs while enhancing public governance capabilities.

Faced with EUDR's complex rules and tight deadlines, many enterprises may feel uncertain:
  ● Where to start with due diligence?
  ● How to trace product origins effectively?
  ● Will cumbersome compliance processes delay business operations?
Rest assured! SKYCO2 offers end-to-end EUDR compliance services for enterprises, helping you address key bottlenecks, seamlessly meet EU market access requirements, and confidently seize EU market opportunities while navigating EUDR.
If your enterprise aims to proactively prepare for EUDR, please feel free to contact us. Our professional team will develop a tailored compliance plan for your specific needs!